How to buy a used car without getting burned

1. 01Budget the total cost, not the stickerPurchase price plus tax, registration, insurance, expected maintenance, and fuel. A cheap car with expensive parts isn't cheap.
2. 02Shortlist by reliability, not looksPick 3 models with strong long-term reliability records and cheap common parts. Search by model, not by whatever's nearby.
3. 03Pull the vehicle historyCheck for accidents, flood or salvage titles, odometer inconsistencies, and service records. Walk away from a branded title unless you know exactly what you're doing.
4. 04Inspect and test drive properlyCold start, 20+ minutes, highway speed, hard braking, tight turns, and every button. Look for uneven tire wear, mismatched paint, and damp carpet.
5. 05Pay for an independent inspectionA mechanic you chose, not theirs. It costs a small fee and routinely finds thousands in issues or gives you leverage.
6. 06Negotiate the out-the-door numberAgree on one final figure including all fees. Decline add-ons: paint protection, VIN etching, extended warranties sold at the desk.
7. 07Close the paperworkTitle transfer, bill of sale, registration, and insurance active before you drive away.

General educational information, not legal, tax, medical, or financial advice. Rules vary by country and change over time — verify with a qualified professional before acting.